IMFD High dV for orbit insertion

IronRain

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Hi guys,

I'm getting back to interplanetary flights but I have a problem. Somehow, my dV for orbit insertions is pretty high. I'm talking about the value that the map program gives me with the plan mode enabled. I'm taking Maven for a spin with my own flightplan but somehow the dV required for orbit insertion is around 2500 m/s. Maven has a total dV of around 2100 m/s.

So I was thinking what I could do to bring the dV down. My guess is that a later arrival time could do the trick.

Thanks in advance! :cheers:
 

garyw

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I use [ame="http://www.orbithangar.com/searchid.php?ID=4439"]Trajectory Planner[/ame] for all of my interplanetary planning. Maybe it'll help you with your dV budget?
 

boogabooga

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2500 m/s isn't unreasonable.

What do you mean by "obit insertion"? Do you mean to circular orbit?

MAVEN is intended for a moderately elliptical orbit. That should reduce the delta-v requirement a bit.
 

Castor

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What about the inclination with which you are coming in ? Not that it would matter much for Mars, but it is still a factor here.
 

IronRain

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What about the inclination with which you are coming in ? Not that it would matter much for Mars, but it is still a factor here.

Not sure about that right now. I'm using the off-target program because I always think that a plane change burn requires too much dV.
 

Castor

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Not sure about that right now. I'm using the off-target program because I always think that a plane change burn requires too much dV.

Could you please post the scenario ?
 

IronRain

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Could you please post the scenario ?

Code:
BEGIN_DESC

END_DESC

BEGIN_ENVIRONMENT
  System Sol
  Date MJD 56622.2820572132
END_ENVIRONMENT

BEGIN_FOCUS
  Ship Maven
END_FOCUS

BEGIN_CAMERA
  TARGET Maven
  MODE Extern
  POS 12.22 127.78 -171.51
  TRACKMODE GlobalFrame
  FOV 40.00
END_CAMERA

BEGIN_HUD
  TYPE Orbit
  REF AUTO
END_HUD

BEGIN_MFD Left
  TYPE User
  MODE Interplanetary
END_MFD

BEGIN_MFD Right
  TYPE User
  MODE Interplanetary
END_MFD

BEGIN_SHIPS
AV038:maven\av038
  STATUS Landed Earth
  POS -56.5176084 25.8014124
  HEADING 102.83
  AFCMODE 7
  NAVFREQ 0 0
  CONFIG_FILE Config\Vessels\Maven\av038.ini
  GUIDANCE_FILE Config\Vessels\Maven\av038_guidance.txt
  CONFIGURATION 1
  MET 648536.16
  STAGE_STATE 3
  STAGE_IGNITION_TIME 0.00
  CURRENT_BOOSTER 1
  CURRENT_STAGE 1
  CURRENT_INTERSTAGE 1
  CURRENT_PAYLOAD 2
  FAIRING 0
  GNC_RUN 1
  GNC_PROGRAM 0
  GNC_STEP 29
  GNC_MET 648535.92
  GNC_AUTO_JETTISON 1.00
END
LC41:Vessels/B_SLC41/b_slc41
  STATUS Landed Earth
  POS -80.5828310 28.5834560
  HEADING 180.00
  AFCMODE 7
  PRPLEVEL 0:1.000000
  THLEVEL 3:1.000000
  NAVFREQ 0 0
  UMB 1 1.0000
END
loco01:SaganSpaceport\\loco01
  STATUS Landed Earth
  POS 169.5370000 -0.8578510
  HEADING 270.00
  AFCMODE 7
  NAVFREQ 0 0
  CradleP 0.00
  CradleT 0
  Angle 0.00
  SpeedT 0
  SpeedC 0
END
Crane:SaganSpaceport\\XR5_Crane
  STATUS Landed Earth
  POS 169.5270000 -0.8542000
  HEADING 90.00
  AFCMODE 7
  NAVFREQ 0 0
  X_P 0.50
  Y_P 0.00
  Z_P 0.50
  X_T 0.50
  Y_T 0.00
  Z_T 0.50
END
LPad:SaganSpaceport\\ThemL_Pad
  STATUS Landed Earth
  POS 169.5375920 -0.8578510
  HEADING 270.00
  AFCMODE 7
  PRPLEVEL 0:1.000000
  NAVFREQ 0 0
  Arms_P 0.999990
  Arms_T 1.000000
  Lights 0
END
Radar:SaganSpaceport\\Radar
  STATUS Landed Earth
  POS 169.5330990 -0.8597000
  HEADING 270.00
  AFCMODE 7
  NAVFREQ 0 0
END
BPad:SaganSpaceport\\Big_Pad
  STATUS Landed Earth
  POS 169.5321950 -0.8686880
  HEADING 180.00
  AFCMODE 7
  PRPLEVEL 0:1.000000
  NAVFREQ 0 0
  Lights 0
  Config -1
END
AV038_Centaur:maven\av038_centaur
  STATUS Orbiting Sun
  RPOS 62574297749.34 828028615.66 132304621838.60
  RVEL -30501.296 1250.647 12365.264
  AROT -44.20 41.32 -90.54
  VROT 0.00 0.00 -16.93
  AFCMODE 7
  PRPLEVEL 0:0.043071
  NAVFREQ 0 0
  CONFIGURATION 2 2
END
Maven:maven/maven
  STATUS Orbiting Sun
  RPOS 62573717039.56 828009343.14 132304717620.57
  RVEL -30502.231 1250.642 12365.393
  AROT -179.71 25.22 -122.16
  VROT 0.00 0.00 -10.00
  AFCMODE 7
  PRPLEVEL 0:0.999859
  NAVFREQ 0 0
  SOLP 3 1.0000 2 1.0000
  APPA 0 0.0000 0 0.0000
  KROT 0
END
END_SHIPS

BEGIN_ExtMFD
END

BEGIN_uap
END

BEGIN_SpaceNetwork
END

I don't have the time to test right now, but this is the scenario that I've created.
 

Castor

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I had a go at the scenario, and yes, there is sufficient delta-v to insert into the prescribed elliptical orbit. From what I see here, I think that the 2500 m/s you talked about is the velocity needed to circularize the orbit. As a hint, in IMFD, aim for 56893.533 as the arrival MJD (in the Course program). You will be arriving off inclination, but that can be corrected when you are in the influence of Mars ( 0.01 in the Orbit MFD).
 

IronRain

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I had a go at the scenario, and yes, there is sufficient delta-v to insert into the prescribed elliptical orbit. From what I see here, I think that the 2500 m/s you talked about is the velocity needed to circularize the orbit. As a hint, in IMFD, aim for 56893.533 as the arrival MJD (in the Course program). You will be arriving off inclination, but that can be corrected when you are in the influence of Mars ( 0.01 in the Orbit MFD).

I thought that Maven operated in a circular orbit, but that thought was wrong. Thanks for the info everyone!
 

dgatsoulis

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I placed a DeltaGlider with 2.5 km/s dv budget (RCS included) at the same spot as Maven in your scenario.
Turns out that can get in a circular orbit around Mars @ ~550 km altitude. You'll need 145 m/s for a correction at the beginning of the scenario and 2345 m/s to circularize at an altitude slightly less than 550 km above Mars. That's leaving you with only 10 m/s for another correction, but you won't need it all. :)

Managing the Delta-V budget after you have left Earth's SOI is not the best time/place to do it. You want to know if you 'll have enough fuel to complete the mission before you even launch. The problem is that IMFD's map program can't provide you with the "Circ" delta-V (that's what you'll need to circularize your orbit upon arrival at periapsis) while you are still on the ground.
TransX is a bit more flexible in that area, as you can see in the pic below (it's from a different Earth-Mars scenario):
IMFD_zpsead3e637.jpg

You can know what your periapsis velocity (2), capture (3) and orbit insertion delta-v (4) is going to be -for a given periapsis alt (1)- before even launching.
IMFD on the other hand, gives you only the oV (outbound or outward?) and iV (inbound/inward or intercept?) velocities. But if you have a pencil, a piece of paper and a pocket calculator, you can easily figure out how much Delta-V you'll need for both the injection burn at departure and also for the capture/orbit insertion at arrival.

If you are not too happy about doing the math, don't worry. I'll add a link to a spreadsheet calculator at the end of this post.

1. Calculating the Injection Burn Delta-V from IMFD's Target Intercept Program oV value:

Things you need to know:

a) The parking orbit altitude [math]alt[/math]b) The mass of the departure planet [math]M_d[/math]c) The radius he departure planet [math]R_d[/math]d) The value of the Gravitational constant [math]G[/math].
e) The [math]oV[/math] from IMFD's Target Intercept program.

[math]V_{orb_d}=\sqrt{\frac{GM_{d}}{R_{d}+alt}} [/math][math]V_{esc_d}=\sqrt{2} \cdot V_{orb_d} [/math][math]V_{bo} = \sqrt{oV^2+V_{esc_d}^2}[/math][math]\Delta V_{inj}= V_{bo} \ - \ V_{orb_d}[/math]
where, [math]V_{orb_d}=[/math] parking orbit velocity,[math]V_{esc_d}=[/math]escape velocity from parking orbit altitude,[math]V_{bo}=[/math]BurnOut velocity, [math]\Delta V_{inj}=[/math] Injection Delta-V.

2. Calculating the Capture and Orbit Insertion Delta-Vs from IMFD's Target Intercept Program iV value:

Things you need to know:

a) The periapsis altitude at the arrival planet [math]alt[/math]b) The mass of the arrival planet [math]M_a[/math]c) The radius he arrival planet [math]R_a[/math]d) The value of the Gravitational constant [math]G[/math].
e) The [math]iV[/math] from IMFD's Target Intercept program.

[math]V_{orb_a}=\sqrt{\frac{GM_{a}}{R_{a}+alt}} [/math][math]V_{esc_a}=\sqrt{2} \cdot V_{orb_a} [/math][math]PeV = \sqrt{iV^2+V_{esc_a}^2}[/math][math]\Delta V_{capt}= PeV \ - \ V_{esc_a}[/math][math]\Delta V_{circ}= PeV \ - \ V_{orb_a}[/math]
where, [math]V_{orb_a}=[/math] arrival parking orbit velocity,[math]V_{esc_a}=[/math]escape velocity from parking orbit altitude,[math]PeV=[/math]periapsis velocity at arrival, [math]\Delta V_{capt}=[/math] Capture Delta-V (the resulting trajectory will have an eccentricity of 1), [math]\Delta V_{circ}=[/math] Circ Delta-V (the resulting trajectory will have an eccentricity of 0).

Making the calculation the first couple of times and seeing it match the values from IMFD can be fun and rewarding, but it gets a bit tedious later on, so here is the spreadsheet I promised:

Injection, Capture and Orbit Insertion DV calc.

You won't be able to use this one, so you need to go to File→Create Copy, in order to be able to use your own copy.

:cheers:
 

Castor

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I placed a DeltaGlider with 2.5 km/s dv budget (RCS included) at the same spot as Maven in your scenario.

The total dv budget is around 2100 m/s. But nevertheless quite a detailed post.
 
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